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托福official74综合写作考古学类Integrated Writing范文+题目解析

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Directions: You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the points in the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage. Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.
Summarize, the points made in the lecture being sure to explain how they Challenge the specific arguments presented in the reading passage.
题目原文:
Mystery Hill is an archaeological site in the northeastern United States that contains a number of unusual stone structures, Including large upright-standing stones. There is a popular folk belief that the structures at Mystery Hill were built by ancient Europeans more than 1,000 years ago. That would mean that Europeans were present in North America much earlier than previously thought. Several features of Mystery Hill appear to support this belief. First, the arrangement of stones at Mystery Hill is similar to that of some stone structures that are well known in Europe. For example, Stonehenge, an ancient monument in England, includes large stones that align with astronomical events, such as the position of the Sun at sunrise on the longest day of the year. Certain stones at Mystery Hill align with the same events in precisely the same way. This same arrangement at both locations suggests that the builders of Mystery Hill were inspired by European monuments. Second, researchers discovered a large flat stone at Mystery Hill that appears to have an early type of European writing carved into it. The particular writing system, consisting of straight lines, was used by Irish people in Europe, starting about 1,500 years ago. The presence of a stone containing very old European writing at Mystery Hill suggests that Europeans were present at the site long ago. Finally, archaeologists determined that the large stones at Mystery Hill were quarried, or cut from the ground, and then significantly altered by hammering and burning well over 1,000 years ago. The way in which stones at Mystery Hill were quarried and the methods used to reshape them are similar to quarrying activities and stone-working methods that were widely practiced in Europe in the distant past. Such methods are not generally associated with ancient Native Americans.
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听力原文

Now, listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Most archaeologists don't think the structures at Mystery Hill were built by ancient Europeans. Here's why they aren't convinced.

First, it's true that the stones at Mystery Hill are arranged in the same way as stones at European sites. But here's the problem. The upright standing stones we see at Mystery Hill today are probably no longer in their original positions. You see, the Mystery Hill site belonged to a private owner in the 1930s and historians suspect that the owner moved many of the stones around. In fact, the owner may have been trying to make the site look more like England's famous Stonehenge. By doing that, the owner probably hoped to attract more tourists to the site and make a financial profit.

Second, what about those lines carved into the flat stone? If you're not an expert, a few straight lines might look like a simple writing system, but that's not conclusive evidence. Most archaeologists don't believe that those marks are actually ancient European writing. Those marks are probably just some accidental scratches made by farming equipment, since the area was used for farming for a long time, you know, a metal plow rode over the stone several times and left some scratches behind.

Finally, even though the type of quarrying done at Mystery Hill suggests European work to some people. Archaeologists have found other ancient objects at Mystery Hill that were clearly made by Native Americans. Specifically, they found smaller stone objects such as jewelry that Native Americans wore as declaration. When archaeologists took a closer look, the jewelry had the same type of tool marks as the large stones. This suggests that the same kind of hammering tool was used to work both the large stone structures and the jewelry. This is strong evidence that Native Americans created the smaller objects as well as the large stones.

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